Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia
Keywords:
Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae, lectotypes, neotypes, typificationAbstract
Types have been located for most of the 185 species of Euphorbia L. that are known to occur naturally in southern Africa
and also for most of their synonyms. Lectotypes or neotypes are selected where possible for those names for which a holotype
cannot be found. The synonymy largely follows previous accounts and reasons are given where new synonymy is proposed.
Euphorbia huttonae N.E.Br. is reinstated at the level of species and E. franksiae var. zuluensis A.C.White et al. is raised to
the level of species as E. gerstneriana Bruyns, nom. nov. A new name, E. radyeri Bruyns, is provided for the rhizomatous
plants previously referred to as E. caerulescens Haw., which is synonymous with E. ledienii A.Berger.
Downloads
References
AITON, W. 1789. Hortus Kewensis, ed. 1. George Nichol, London.
ALPINI, P. 1735. Historiae Naturalis Aegypti, pars secunda, sive, de Plantis Aegypti. G. Potvliet, Leiden.
BENTHAM, G. 1880. Euphorbia zambesiana Benth. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 14: t. 1305.
BERGER, A. 1899. Zwei verwechselte Euphorbien. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 9: 88–92.
BERGER, A. 1902a. Eine neue Euphorbia. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 12: 39, 40.
BERGER, A. 1902b. Die in Kultur befindlichen Euphorbien der Anthacantha-Gruppe. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 12: 105–110.
BERGER, A. 1902c. Die in Kultur befindlichen Euphorbien der Anthacantha-Gruppe (Schluss). Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 12: 123–125.
BERGER, A. 1906a. Sukkulente Euphorbien. E. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
BERGER, A. 1906b. Euphorbia dinteri Berger n. sp. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 16: 109, 110.
BERGER, A. 1910. Einige neue afrikanische Sukkulenten. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 45: 223–233.
BLANC, A. 1888. Euphorbias. Catalogue and hints on cacti, 2nd ed.: 68. Philadelphia.
BOERHAAVE, H. 1720. Index alter plantarum quae in horto academico Lugduno-Batavo. 1. Petrus van der Aa, Leiden.
BOISSIER, P.-E. 1860. Centuria Euphorbiarum. Leipzig & Paris.
BOISSIER, P.-E. 1862. Euphorbieae. In A.P. de Candolle, Prodromus 15, 2: 3–188.
BROWN, N.E. 1909. The Flora of Ngamiland. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1909: 81–146.
BROWN, N.E. 1911–12. Euphorbia, in W.T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora Tropical Africa 6,1: .470–603.
BROWN, N.E. 1913. Diagnoses africanae LIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1913: 118–123.
BROWN, N.E. 1915. Euphorbia, in W.T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora capensis 5,2: 222–375.
BROWN, N.E. 1925. Addenda and corrigenda. In W.T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora capensis 5,2: 585, 586.
BROWN, N.E. 1931. A new South African Euphorbia. Cactus & Succulent Journal (Los Angeles) 2: 491, 492.
BRUYNS, P.V. 1992. Notes on African plants, Euphorbiaceae. Notes on Euphorbia species from the northwestern Cape. Bothalia 22: 37–42.
BRUYNS, P.V., MAPAYA, R.J. & HEDDERSON, T. 2006. A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon 55: 397–420.
BURMAN, J. 1738. Rariorum Africanarum Plantarum. Boussière, Amsterdam.
BURMAN, N.L. 1768. Florae indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. C. Haak, Leiden.
CARTER, S. 2002. Euphorbia. Pp. 102–203 in U. Eggli, Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Dicotyledons. Springer, Berlin.
COMPTON, R.H. 1935. Euphorbia juglans R.H. Compton. The Journal of South African Botany 1: 126.
CROIZAT, L. 1933. A list of annotated observations on the remarks of Dr K. von Poellnitz Concerning A. Berger’s classification of succulent Euphorbiae. Cactus & Succulent Journal (Los Angeles) 4: 330–334.
CROIZAT, L. 1945. ‘Euphorbia esula’ in North America. American Midland Naturalist 33: 231–243.
D’ISNARD, A-T. D. 1720. Etablissement d’un Genre de Plante appellé Euphorbe. Memoirs de l’Academie Royale 1720: 384–399.
DE CANDOLLE, A.P. 1805. Plantarum historia succulentarum. 27. Paris.
DE CANDOLLE, A.P. 1813. Catalogus plantarum horti botanici monspeliesis, addito observationum circa species novas aut non satis cognitas fasciculo. J. Martel, Montpellier.
DILLEN, J.J. 1732. Hortus elthamensis. London.
DINTER, M.K. 1909. Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika. T.O. Weigel, Leipzig.
DINTER, M.K. 1914. Neue und wenig bekannte Pflanzen Deutsch-Südwest-Afrikas. Okahandja.
DINTER, M.K. 1921a. Index, der aus Deutsch-Südwestafrika bis zum Jahre 1917 bekannt gewordenen Pflanzenarten. VIII. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 17: 258–265.
DINTER, M.K. 1921b. Index, der aus Deutsch-Südwestafrika bis zum Jahre 1917 bekannt gewordenen Pflanzenarten. IX. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 17: 303–311.
DINTER, M.K. 1923. Sukkulentenforschung in Südwestafrika. Verlag des Repertoriums, Dahlem.
DINTER, M.K. 1932. Diagnosen neuer südwestafrikanischer Pflanzen. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 30: 180–205.
DYER, R.A. 1931. Notes on Euphorbia species of the Eastern Cape Province with descriptions of three new species. Records from the Albany Museum 4: 64–110.
DYER, R.A. 1935. Euphorbia nesemannii R.A.Dyer. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1934: 267, 268.
DYER, R.A. 1938. Euphorbia persistens. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 18: t. 713.
DYER, R.A. 1974. Euphorbia triangularis. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1687.
FRICK, G.A. 1934. In R.W. Poindexter, New Garden Species, IV. Cactus & Succulent Journal (Los Angeles) 6: 74, 75.
GOEBEL, K. 1889. Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen 1. N.G. Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Marburg.
GUNN , M. & CODD, L.E. 1981. Botanical exploration of southern Africa. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1803. Miscellanea naturalia, sive dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalem spectantes. J. Taylor, London.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1812. Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum, cum descriptionibus, synonymis,.... R. Taylor, London.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1819. Supplementum Plantarum Succulentarum, sistens plantas novas vel nuper introductas... J. Harding, London.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1821. Revisiones Plantarum Succulentarum. R. & A. Taylor, London.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1823. Plantae rarae succulentae: a description of some rare succulent plants. Philosophical Magazine and Journal. 62: 380–382.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1827. Description of new succulent plants. Decas nona plantarum novarum succulentarum. The Philosophical Magazine, or Annals of Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural History and General Science, Ser. 2, 1: 271–277.
HAWORTH, A.H. 1828. Description of new succulent plants. Decas undecima plantarum novarum succulentarum. The Philosophical Magazine, or Annals of Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural History and General Science, Ser. 2, 3: 183–188.
HERRE, H. 1950. Euphorbia superans Nel spec. nov. Desert Plant Life Magazine 22: 15.
HIERN, W.P. 1900. Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853–61, 1. British Museum, London.
HOLMGREN, P.K., HOLMGREN, N.H. & BARNETT, L.C. 1990. Index Herbariorum, Part 1: The Herbaria of the World. New York Botanic Garden, New York.
JACOBSEN, H. 1955. Some name changes in succulent plants—Part II. National Cactus & Succulent Journal 10: 80–85.
JACQUIN, N.J. 1797. Plantarum rariorum horti caesari schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones. 2. C.F. Wappler, Vienna.
JACQUIN, N.J. 1809. Fragmenta botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata....., 6. M.A. Schmidt, Vienna.
JARVIS, C. 2007. Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant names and their types. Linnaean Society & Natural History Museum, London.
KLOTZSCH, J.F. & GARCKE, C.A.F. 1859. Linné’s natürliche Pflanzenklasse Tricoccae der Berliner Herbariums im Allgemeinen und die natürliche Ordnung Euphorbiaceen insbesondere. Monatsbericht der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1859: 236–254.
KLOTZSCH, J.F. & GARCKE, C.A.F. 1860. Linné’s natürliche Pflanzenklasse Tricoccae der Berliner Herbariums im Allgemeinen und die natürliche Ordnung Euphorbiaceen insbesondere. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin 1859: 1–108.
KOUTNIK, D.L. 1984. Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)—a newly recognized genus in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 3: 262–264.
KRAUSS, C.F.F. 1845. Pflanzen des Cap- und Natal-Landes, gesammelt und zusammengestellt. Flora 28: 82–93.
KRAUSS, C.F.F. 1846. Beiträge zur Flora des Cap- und Natallandes. Regensburg.
KUNTZE, C.E.O. 1898. Revisio generum plantarum 3 (2). A. Felix, Leipzig.
LAMARCK, J.P.A.P.M. 1788. Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. 2, 2. Panckoucke, Paris.
LEACH, L.C. 1964. Euphorbia species from the Flora Zambesiaca area. The Journal of South African Botany 30: 1–12.
LEACH, L.C. 1967. Euphorbia species from the Flora Zambesiaca area: VII. The Journal of South African Botany 33: 247–262.
LEACH, L.C. 1975a. Euphorbiae succulentae Angolenses: V. Garcia de Orta, Sér. Bot. 2: 111–116.
LEACH, L.C. 1975b. Euphorbia gummifera, E. gregaria and a new species from Damaraland Bothalia 11: 495–503.
LEACH, L.C. 1984a. A new Euphorbia from South Africa. The Journal of South African Botany 50: 341–345.
LEACH, L.C. 1984b. A new Euphorbia from the Richtersveld. The Journal of South African Botany 50: 563–568.
LEACH, L.C. 1986a. A new Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from the western Cape Province. South African Journal of Botany 52: 10–12.
LEACH, L.C. 1986b. A new Euphorbia from the western Knersvlakte, Cape Province. South African Journal of Botany 52: 369–371.
LEACH, L.C. 1988a. The Euphorbia juttae–gentilis complex, with a new species and a new subspecies. South African Journal of Botany 54: 534–538.
LEACH, L.C. 1988b. A new species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from the Mossel Bay area. South African Journal of Botany 54: 539, 540.
LEACH, L.C. & WILLIAMSON, G. 1990. The identities of two confused species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) with descriptions of two closely related new species from Namaqualand. South African Journal of Botany 56: 71–78.
LEMAIRE, C.A. 1855. Miscellanées. Observations diagnostico-nomenclaturales sur les Euphorbes charnues du Cap. L’Illustration horticole 2: 65–71.
LEMAIRE, C.A. 1858. Miscellanées. Nouvelles Euphorbes. L’Illustration horticole 5: 63, 64.
LIEDE, S. & MEVE, U. 1993. Towards an understanding of the Sarcostemma viminale (Asclepiadaceae) complex. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 112: 1–15.
LINNEAUS, C. 1737. Hortus Cliffortianus plantas exhibens quas in hortis tam vivis quam siccis.... Amsterdam.
LINNEAUS, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm.
MARLOTH, R. 1910a. Some new South African Succulents. Part II. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 1: 403–409.
MARLOTH, R. 1910b. Some new South African Succulents. Part III. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 2: 33–39.
MARLOTH, R. 1913. Some new or little known South African Succulents. Part V. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 3: 121–128.
MARLOTH, R. 1928. The Meloformia group of Euphorbias. South African Gardening & Country Life 18: 45, 46.
MARLOTH, R. 1930. A Revision of the group Virosae of the genus Euphorbia as far as represented in South Africa. South African Journal of Science 27: 331–340.
MARLOTH, R. 1931. Euphorbias III. South African Gardening & Country Life 21: 127, 128, 133.
MARX, J.G. 1996. Euphorbia astrophora J.G.Marx, sp. nov., a new species of Euphorbiaceae from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Cactus & Succulent Journal (Los Angeles) 68: 311–314.
MARX, J.G. 1999a. Euphorbia suppressa J.G.Marx and Euphorbia gamkensis J.G.Marx, two hitherto-unnamed species from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Cactus & Succulent Journal (Los Angeles) 71: 33–40.
MARX, J.G. 1999b. The South African melon-shaped Euphorbias: the full picture as known to date. Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bulletin 12: 13–34.
MEERBURGH, N. 1789. Plantae rariores vivis coloribus depictae. Leiden.
MILLER, P. 1768. The gardeners dictionary, edn. 8. J. & F. Rivington, London.
MORISON, R. 1699. Plantarum historiae oxoniensis universalis 3. Oxford.
NEL, G.C. 1933a. Aus dem botanischen Garten der Universität Stellenbosch. Kakteenkunde: 134, 135.
NEL, G.C. 1933b. Aus dem botanischen Garten der Universität Stellenbosch. Kakteenkunde: 192, 194.
NEL, G.C. 1935. Jahrbuch der Deutschen Kakteen-Gesellschaft 1: 29–32, 42–43.
OUDEMANS, C.A.J.A. 1865. Neerland's Plantentuin 1. J.B. Wolters, Groningen.
PAX, F. 1889. Euphorbiaceae in A. Engler: Plantae Marlothianae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 10: 1–50.
PAX, F. 1897. Euphorbiaceae africanae. III. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 23: 518–536.
PAX, F. 1898. Euphorbiaceae.1 in H. Schinz: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Afrikanischen Flora. Bulletin de L’Herbier Boissier 6: 732–743.
PAX, F. 1899. Euphorbiaceae africanae. V. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 28: 18–27.
PAX, F. 1900. Euphorbiaceae in A. Engler, Berichte über die botanischen Ergebnisse der Nyassa-See- und Kinga-Gebirgs-Expedition. III. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 28: 418–421.
PAX, F. 1904. Euphorbiaceae Africanae. VII. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 34: 368–376.
PAX, F. 1908. Euphorbiaceae. In H. Schinz, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Afrikanischen-Flora. Bulletin Herbier Boissier sér. 2, 8: 634–637
PAX, F. 1909. Euphorbiaceae Africanae. IX. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 43: 75–90.
PLUKENET, L. 1692. Phytographia 3. London.
ROWLEY, G.D. 1998. Euphorbia meloformis and E. obesa with two newly-assigned subspecies. Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bulletin 11: 93–98.
SALISBURY, R.A. 1796. Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium... William Hooker, London.
SCHNABEL, D.H. 2011. The mysterious ‘Snowflake’ Euphorbia—a new variety of Euphorbia polygona Haw. Euphorbia World 7: 20–26.
SCHNABEL, D.H. 2012. A new variety of Euphorbia polygona Haw. from South Africa—Euphorbia polygona var. exilis D.H. Schnabel. Euphorbia World 8: 20–24.
SCHWEICKERDT, H.G.W.J. 1935. Euphorbia aeruginosa. In Notes on the Flora of Southern Africa VI (various authors). Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1935: 205, 206.
SCHWEICKERDT, H.G.W.J. & LETTY, C. 1933. Euphorbia lydenburgensis. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 486.
SCOPOLI, J.A. 1788. Deliciae Florae et Faunae insubricae. 3. S. Salvatoris, Ticini.
SOJÁK, J. 1972. Poznámky K Nomenklatuře Euphorbia L. (s.l.). Časopis národniho musea. Oddil přirodovĕdny 140: 168–178.
STEUDEL, E.G. 1840. Nomenclator Botanicus, edn. 2, 1. J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart.
SWANEPOEL, W. 2009. Euphorbia ohiva (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Namibia and Angola. South African Journal of Botany 75: 249–255.
SWEET, R. 1818. Hortus suburbanus Londinensis. J. Ridgway, London.
SWEET, R. 1826. Hortus Britannicus, ed. 1, 2. J. Ridgway, London.
THUNBERG, C.P. 1800. Prodromus plantarum capensium 2. J.F. Edman, Uppsala.
WEISS, J.E. 1893. Empfehlenswerte Cacteen. Dr Neubert’s Deutsche Garten-Magazin 46: 286–292.
WHITE, A.C, DYER, R.A. & SLOANE, B.L. 1941. The Succulent Euphorbieae (Southern Africa). Abbey Garden Press, Pasadena, California.
WIJNANDS, D.O. 1983. The Botany of the Commelins. Rotterdam, A.A.Balkema.
WILLDENOW, C.W. 1814. Enumeratio Plantarum horti regii botanici berolinensis, Supplementum. Berlin.
WILLIAMSON, G. 1995. Euphorbia versicolores, a new species from the northwestern Cape, South Africa. Cactus & Succulent Journal (Los Angeles) 67: 284–287.
WILLIAMSON, G. 2003. A new variety of Euphorbia filiflora Marloth from the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Bradleya 21: 49–52.
WILLIAMSON, G. 2004. Euphorbia einensis sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from the lower Orange River Valley in the northwest Richtersveld and southwest Namibia. Haseltonia 10: 57–66.
WILLIAMSON, G. 2007. Notes of Euphorbia multiramosa Nel (Euphorbiaceae) and related species. Euphorbia World 3. 8–18.
WILMAN, M. 1946. Preliminary check list of the flowering plants and ferns of Griqualand West (southern Africa). Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge, Alexander McGregor Mem. Museum, Kimberley.
WILSON, M.L., TOUSSAINT VAN HOVE-EXALTO, TH. & VAN RIJSSEN, W.J.J. 2002. Codex Witsenii. Iziko Museums, Cape Town & Davidii Media, Amsterdam.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 P.V. Bruyns
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.